Reaching quantum advantage requires the profound development of technology to scale up today’s quantum computers. It is not just the number and quality of qubits that need to be increased and improved. New integration technologies must be invented, along with novel methods for connecting qubits to their surrounding systems. VTT develops such technologies to scale up quantum computers.
Key facts
VTT develops technologies to enable the scaling of quantum computers.
We have decades of experience developing and manufacturing superconductive hardware components.
Thanks to our in-house quantum computers, we are early adopters and developers of quantum algorithms and quantum-classical software.
Quantum hardware development
We help our customers to innovate new devices and subsystems, from design and production all the way to small-scale manufacturing and piloting – shortening the time to market. We have an in-house R&D cleanroom and characterisation capabilities for cryogenic, RF, photonics and millimetre wave devices.
VTT has been designing and manufacturing superconductive quantum devices for customers since the 1990s. We can combine superconductive processing with other process platforms like MEMS, integrated photonics and semiconductors to develop completely novel designs, devices and subsystems.
Superconductive technologies
At VTT, we develop technology, devices and subsystems for quantum computing hardware, quantum sensing and enabling technologies.
We also develop superconductive 3D integration methods to enable 3D stacking of superconductive wafers. We stack components into highly integrated superconductive modules thanks to superconducting flip chip bonding technology and superconducting through silicon vias (TSV).
Quantum sensing
Within quantum sensing, we focus on the R&D of SQUID-based circuits for magnetometry – often used in commercially available brain imaging systems. SQUIDs can also be used as very low noise amplifiers and multiplexers in sensor readouts – the ESA Athena mission is one example. We also develop superconducting single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) that are used, for example, in quantum communication applications and photonics quantum computers.
Enabling technologies
Around the core of quantum computers, various enabling technologies are required. We have extensive experience in researching and developing technologies like:
- Very low noise cryogenic amplifiers ideal for amplifying weak qubit and quantum sensor signals in RF to millimetre wave range.
- Custom integrated circuits for qubit and detector readout, control and multiplexing using silicon germanium (SiGe), CMOS and InP technologies.
Integrated photonics solutions
Our integrated photonics solutions for quantum computers include silicon nitride and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based solutions. We are especially focused on electro-optical transformation in quantum computers. This is needed for replacing thousands of microwave cables with a few optical fibers when transferring microwave signals from superconductive qubits or photonic sensors to room temperature. To achieve this, we use in-house 3D integration methods of superconductive and photonics technologies.
From proof-of-concept to scalable quantum solutions
At VTT we provide tailored R&D services and support our customers with:
- R&D services for quantum hardware, sensors, SQUIDs, devices and enabling technologies
- Proof of concepts, demonstrations, technology validation
- In-house piloting and fabrication capabilities
- IP creation and licensing
Quantum hardware success stories
SemiQon
VTT helped SemiQon raise its technology readiness level and provided the expertise and facilities for the company to launch independent operations.
"VTT is an integral part of our future business plan, as we won’t have to invest in our own infrastructure for the next five to seven years."
Himadri Majumdar, CEO, SemiQon
Arctic Instruments
VTT helped its spin-off company Arctic Instruments become a world-leading supplier of superconducting microwave amplifiers. VTT expedited Arctic Instruments’ R&D process, facilitated prototyping and fabrication, and connected the company to key commercial and research partners.
“The extensive experience at VTT provides a shortcut for startups like us. If you attempted to develop the same capabilities in-house, it would take years.”
Joonas Govenius, Co-founder and CEO of Arctic Instruments
Xanadu
VTT supported Toronto-based quantum technology company Xanadu to accelerate their development of photonic quantum computers. In the partnership VTT leveraged its expertise in quantum and superconducting technologies to manufacture photon number resolving detectors.
“We needed a partner who could help us transition our solutions from research to manufacturing scale production – and there aren't many organisations able to do that.”
Dr. Matt Collins, Xanadu
Related infrastructure
Our experts
VTT is a central player in quantum technology in Europe and Finland
VTT and Finland are well positioned to establish comprehensive value chains within the quantum sector.
- ECIPE recognised the Helsinki capital region ecosystem as the most competitive quantum ecosystem in the European Union in 2025.
- VTT plays a central role in the European Quantum Flagship, acting as coordinator for Qu-Pilot and as a partner in Qu-test and OpenSuperQ projects.
- VTT is a member of InstituteQ, the Finnish Quantum Institute. The aim of InstituteQ is to collaborate in preparing Finnish society for the disruptive potential and consequences of quantum technologies on both the economy and society as a whole.
- BusinessQ is a VTT-coordinated joint effort under InstituteQ. BusinessQ brings together end-user companies that will benefit from the onset and deployment of quantum technologies. BusinessQ’s objectives include the formation of a business roadmap for quantum technologies in Finland and supporting the creation of new businesses from quantum technologies.
