Integrated Sensing and Communication in 6G networks

ISAC embeds sensing into the radio network so the same signals used for data can also detect movement, locate objects and interpret environmental conditions.  

It turns networks into platforms for continuous, large‑scale awareness of the physical environment, not just data transfer.  

ISAC creates value wherever real‑time awareness improves safety, efficiency or decision‑making, including defence and public safety, mobility and airspace, industry and logistics, smart infrastructure and human‑centric sensing.  

ISAC requires balancing sensing accuracy with communication performance and managing shared resources like spectrum, time, power and spatial capacity. Hardware limitations also matter from the start, not as an add‑on.  

The biggest impact comes when multiple network elements work together. Data from base stations and devices can be combined to improve accuracy, extend coverage and increase robustness. 

The white paper highlights early validation in realistic environments, close collaboration and iterative development from simulation to hardware testing. VTT supports this transition across the full innovation cycle, combining communication and sensing hardware and waveform development, algorithms, edge intelligence, advanced RF platforms and open, configurable testbeds to validate performance, reliability and readiness.